Quantum Computing — Beginning of New Era
Quantum Computers harnesses some of the almost-mystical phenomena of quantum mechanics to deliver huge leaps forward in processing power. While going throug this blog you would explore what is quantum computering and how it works.
There are so many questions in our mind which are related to current events in tech world and Yeah that is about Quantum Computing. What is it and how it works , its advantages and disadvantages, how it will solve real-life problem. So, Don’t worry answer to your questions will be found in this blog. Let’s get started and explore this new field in Computer Science and learn something new which you haven’t probably known before.
What is Quantum Computing??
Quantum computing is an area of study focused on the development of computer technologies based on the principles of quantum theory. Quantum theory which explains the nature and behavior of energy and matter on the quantum (atomic and subatomic) level. Quantum computing uses a combination of bits to perform specific computational tasks at a much higher efficiency than classical computers. Development of quantum computers mark a leap forward in computing capability, with massive performance gains for specific use cases~~specifically surrounding any sort of computation heavy process like simulations.
Quantum computing began in the early 1980s, when physicist Paul Benioff proposed a quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine. Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin later suggested that a quantum computer had the potential to simulate things that a classical computer could not.
Quantum Tunnelling: Tiny things can teleport.
Let’s talk about the person in the dark room again. That person can be in different places every time you turn on the light. But if you walled off the corner of the room, then they could still appear in that corner if you flipped the light switch enough times. Even though they are usually on one side of the wall, they are sometimes on the other side. From your perspective, it looks like the person teleported through the wall!
Just like superposition, big things are much less likely to teleport than small things. When something randomly jumps from one side of a barrier to the other between measurements, we call that “quantum tunnelling.”
What is Quantum Mechanics??
Quantum Mechanics or QM, describes how the Universe works at the level smaller than atoms. It is also called “quantum physics” or “quantum theory”. … A quantum of energy is a specific amount of energy, and Quantum Mechanics describes how that energy moves and interacts at the sub-atomic level. Basically, it is the branch of mechanics that deals with the mathematical description of the motion and interaction of subatomic particles, incorporating the concepts of quantization of energy, wave~particle duality, the uncertainty principle, and the correspondence principle.
Quantum Computer ~ Practical View
Quantum computers are machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data and perform computations. This can be extremely advantageous for certain tasks where they could vastly outperform even our best supercomputers. Classical computers, which include smartphones and laptops, encode information in binary “bits” that can either be 0s or 1s. In a quantum computer, the basic unit of memory is a quantum bit or qubit.
Qubits are made using physical systems, such as the spin of an electron or the orientation of a photon. These systems can be in many different arrangements all at once, a property known as quantum superposition. Qubits can also be inextricably linked together using a phenomenon called quantum entanglement. The result is that a series of qubits can represent different things simultaneously.
Let’s understand how it works through an example….For instance, eight bits is enough for a classical computer to represent any number between 0 and 255. But eight qubits is enough for a quantum computer to represent every number between 0 and 255 at the same time. A few hundred entangled qubits would be enough to represent more numbers than there are atoms in the universe.
Classical v/s Quantum Computers :
Quantum Computing is the art of using all the possibilities that the laws of quantum mechanics give us to solve computational problems. Conventional, or “Classical” computers (like the one used to build this page) only use a small subset of these possibilities. In essence, they compute in the same way that people compute by hand. There are many results about the wonderful things we would be able to do if only we had a large enough quantum computer. The most important of these is probably that we would be able to perform simulations of quantum mechanical processes in physics, chemistry and biology, which will never come within the range of classical computers. Let’s compare some aspects of classical and quantum computers.
Classical computers manipulate ones and zeroes to crunch through operations, but quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits. Just like classical computers, quantum computers use ones and zeros, but qubits have a third state called “superposition” that allows them to represent a one or a zero at the same time.
Advantages~
→Quantum computers could spur the development of new breakthroughs in science, medications to save lives, machine learning methods to diagnose illnesses sooner.
→Materials to make more efficient devices and structures, financial strategies to live well in retirement, and algorithms to quickly direct resources such as ambulances.
→Offers a new paradigm for how problems might be solved which in very constrained circumstances permits revolutionary new solutions which can in theory easily solve intractable problems.
Disadvantages~
→Set of problems you might wish to solve using a quantum computer is huge compared to the tiny set that it has been shown can be solved more efficiently using a quantum computer.
→They are highly sensitive: heat, electromagnetic fields and collisions with air molecules can cause a qubit to lose its quantum properties. This process, known as quantum decoherence, causes the system to crash, and it happens more quickly the more particles that are involved.
→Quantum computers need to protect qubits from external interference, either by physically isolating them, keeping them cool or zapping them with carefully controlled pulses of energy. Additional qubits are needed to correct for errors that creep into the system.
Real Life Application
- Cybersecurity
- Drug Development
- Financial Modeling
- Better Batteries
- Cleaner Fertilization
- Traffic Optimization
- Weather Forecasting and Climate Change
- Artificial Intelligence
- Solar Capture
- Electronic Materials Discovery
Hope this blog helped you all gain some kind of knowledge. Thankyou for reading! There’s always something great which can be found outside ones comfort zone so, believe in yourself. I will come up with different blogs soon and till then enjoy your life as much as you can and have a good day/night .
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